#যন্ত্র_স্মার্ট_কিন্তু_আপনি?????

#যন্ত্র_স্মার্ট_কিন্তু_আপনি???????? স্মার্ট যন্ত্রের পুরো সুবিধা নিতে যন্ত্র সম্পর্কে ধারণা থাকতে হবে। মডেল: প্রিমা, ছবি: স্মার্ট সময় স্মার্ট যন্ত্রের পুরো সুবিধা নিতে যন্ত্র সম্পর্কে ধারণা থাকতে হবে। মডেল: প্রিমা, ছবি: স্মার্ট সময় দুই বন্ধুর কথা হচ্ছে। একজন জিজ্ঞেস করল, ‘তুই কি ওয়াশরুমের কমোডে বসে পত্রিকা পড়িস?’ দ্বিতীয়জনের জবাব, ‘আগে পড়তাম, এখন পড়ি না। তবে কমোডে বসে পত্রিকার খবরগুলোর ছবি তুলে রাখি।’ প্রথমজন অবাক, ‘ছবি তুলে রাখিস! কেন?’ ‘আরে, তারপর যখন বাসা থেকে বেরিয়ে যেখানেই ওয়াশরুমে যাই, তখনই ফোনে পত্রিকাটা পড়ে ফেলি। সময়ও বাঁচল, আবার ইন্টারনেট খরচাও কমে গেল।’ এই কৌতুক পড়ে আপনার হাসি পেল কি? না পেলেও একটা কৌশল কিন্তু আপনি জানতে পারলেন। কৌশলটা বেশ স্মার্ট কি না? আর হাতের ফোনটিকে যিনি এত বিচিত্র কৌশলে কাজে লাগান, তাকেও স্মার্ট না বলে উপায় কী! আবার এমন অনেককেই দেখি মাঝেমধ্যে, যাদের ‘স্মার্টনেস’ বেশ ভাবায়। যেমন পরিচিত একজন দুটি ঢাউস আকারের স্মার্টফোন ব্যবহার করেন। কিন্তু কোথাও বের হওয়ার আগে বিগলিত হাসি হেসে অনুরোধ করেন এভাবে, ‘ভাই, একটা গাড়ি ডেকে দেন না, মতিঝিল যেতে হবে।’ এ যেন একেবারে ‘চোখ থাকিতেও অন্ধ’। লোকাল বাসে উঠলে প্রায়ই একটি বাক্য চোখে পড়ে, ‘ব্যবহারেই বংশের পরিচয়’। স্মার্ট যন্ত্রের বেলায় এর আধুনিকায়ন হতে পারে এ রকম, ‘ব্যবহারেই স্মার্টনেসের পরিচয়’। এই বাক্যে সবচেয়ে গুরুত্বপূর্ণ শব্দ দুটি হলো ‘ব্যবহার’ এবং ‘যথাযথ’। হাতে বা ঘরে স্মার্ট যন্ত্র থাকলেই স্মার্ট হয়ে ওঠা যায় না। যন্ত্রটি আপনি যথাযথ ব্যবহার করছেন কি না, সেটাই দেখার বিষয়। কথা হচ্ছিল বাংলাদেশ অ্যাসোসিয়েশন অব সফটওয়্যার অ্যান্ড ইনফরমেশন সার্ভিসেসের (বেসিস) সভাপতি সৈয়দ আলমাস কবীরের সঙ্গে। তাঁর বক্তব্য, ‘প্রতিটি যন্ত্র ব্যবহার করার আগে অবশ্যই সাধারণ একটা ধারণা থাকতেই হয়। যন্ত্র যা-ই হোক না কেন, গাড়ি, টেলিভিশন বা স্মার্টফোন, ব্যবহারের আগে একটা ধারণা নিয়ে নিন। যন্ত্রটির সর্বোচ্চ ব্যবহার করতে চাইলে দরকার জানাবোঝা এবং সেগুলো ব্যবহারিকভাবে কাজে লাগানো। অনেকেই কিন্তু এটা করেন না। ধরা যাক, স্মার্টফোনের ক্যালেন্ডার অ্যাপটির কথা। এটি অনেকে খুলেও দেখেন না। অথচ এর উপকারিতা বলে শেষ করা যাবে না। তাই যন্ত্রে যে সুবিধাগুলো আছে, সেগুলো সম্পর্কে জানুন। যন্ত্র কেনার পর ঘেঁটে দেখতে দেখতেই এই জানাবোঝা হয়ে যায়। এরপর তা কাজে লাগান। আর তা না হলে দাম দিয়ে কেনা যন্ত্রটি কেবল পেপারওয়েট হিসেবেই থেকে যাবে।’ সৈয়দ আলমাস কবীরের কথায় ‘সর্বোচ্চ’ শব্দটি খেয়াল করেছেন নিশ্চয়ই। খেয়াল করে থাকলে দিনের ২০ ঘণ্টাই স্মার্ট যন্ত্র নিয়ে কাটাতে যাবেন না! তাতে করে স্মার্ট হয়ে ওঠার সম্ভাবনা মাঠে মারা যাবে! এখানে সর্বোচ্চ বলতে স্মার্ট যন্ত্র থেকে সর্বোচ্চ সুবিধা আদায় করার কথা বোঝানো হয়েছে। স্মার্টফোন নিয়ে বহুল অভিযোগের একটি হলো, ‘দ্রুত চার্জ ফুরিয়ে যায়’। যন্ত্রটি যখন স্মার্ট, তখন সেটির তো বেশি বেশি চার্জই দরকার। একটু বুদ্ধি খাটালে কিন্তু এক চার্জে দিন পার করা যায়। এ জন্য কী করতে হবে? না, বিশেষজ্ঞের কাছে ছুটে যাওয়ার দরকার নেই। ফোনটি সঠিক নিয়মে চার্জ দিন। মানে চার্জ ২০ শতাংশের নিচে নামতে দেবেন না। আবার ৮০ শতাংশের বেশিও দেবেন না। একদম মানব শরীরের মতো। ফোন যেসব সুবিধা বা অ্যাপ বেশি চার্জ শেষ করে সেসব চিহ্নিত করুন। প্রয়োজন শেষে সেগুলো বন্ধ রাখুন। চার্জ যখন যাই যাই করছে, তখন ‘লো ব্যাটারি’ অপশন চালু করুন। না হয় পর্দার উজ্জ্বলতা (ব্রাইটনেস) কমান, ইন্টারনেট বন্ধ রাখুন, গেমস বা ভারী অ্যাপকে বিরতিতে পাঠান। লোকেশন বন্ধ করে রাখলেও কাজে আসবে। অ্যাপ না চালালেই যে সব বন্ধ হয়ে যায়, তা নয়। পুরোপুরি বন্ধ না করলে ভেতরে-ভেতরে সব অ্যাপই কাজ চালাতে থাকে। রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের কথায় একটু পরিবর্তন আনলে এভাবে বলা যায়, ‘হে অ্যাপ, তুমি স্মার্টফোনে কাজ করে যাও গোপনে গোপনে…।’ এই ‘গোপন কাজে’ বাধা দিন, চার্জ থাকবে অটুট। স্মার্টফোনের মতো অন্য সব যন্ত্রের বেলায়ও একই কথা, যথাযথ ব্যবহারই সর্বোৎকৃষ্ট পন্থা। এক বন্ধু আছে, অনেক আগে যার হাতে ছিল একটি শক্তপোক্ত ফিচার ফোন। ফোনটি এতটাই শক্তপোক্ত ছিল যে সেটি নষ্টই হচ্ছিল না! তাই বন্ধুটি বার কয়েক ওই ফোন দিয়ে ঢিল মেরে গাছ থেকে আমও পেড়েছিল! ফোন ব্যবহারের বিরল নজির যাকে বলে! কিন্তু একে কি আর যথাযথ ব্যবহার বলা চলে? ফোনটি যদি স্মার্ট হতো আর বন্ধুটি যদি কোনো অ্যাপ ব্যবহার করে গাছে ওঠার মই নিয়ে আসার ব্যবস্থা করত? সেই মই বেয়ে যখন সে টসটসে পাকা আম নিয়ে নিচে নামত, তখন কি তাকে স্মার্ট বলা হতো? সঠিক উত্তর বের করতে পারলে ধরে নেব, আপনি যথেষ্ট স্মার্ট

list of computing and IT acronyms and abbreviations.

List of computing and IT abbreviations This is a list of computing and IT acronyms and abbreviations. #0–9 #!—Shebang /.—Slashdot 1GL—First-Generation Programming Language 1NF—First Normal Form 10B2—10BASE-2 10B5—10BASE-5 10B-F—10BASE-F 10B-FB—10BASE-FB 10B-FL—10BASE-FL 10B-FP—10BASE-FP 10B-T—10BASE-T 100B-FX—100BASE-FX 100B-T—100BASE-T 100B-TX—100BASE-TX 100BVG—100BASE-VG 286—Intel 80286 processor 2B1Q—2 Binary 1 Quaternary 2FA—Two-factor authentication 2GL—Second-Generation Programming Language 2NF—Second Normal Form 3GL—Third-Generation Programming Language 3GPP—3rd Generation Partnership Project—'3G comms 3GPP2—3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 3NF—Third Normal Form 386—Intel 80386 processor 486—Intel 80486 processor 4B5BLF—4 Byte 5 Byte Local Fiber 4GL—Fourth-Generation Programming Language 4NF—Fourth Normal Form 5GL—Fifth-Generation Programming Language 5NF—Fifth Normal Form 6NF—Sixth Normal Form 8B10BLF—8 Byte 10 Byte Local Fiber 802.11—Wireless LAN #A AAA—Authentication Authorization, Accounting AABB—Axis Aligned Bounding Box AAC—Advanced Audio Coding AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer AALC—ATM Adaptation Layer Connection AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol ABAC—Attribute-Based Access Control ABCL—Actor-Based Concurrent Language ABI—Application Binary Interface ABM—Asynchronous Balanced Mode ABR—Area Border Router ABR—Auto Baud-Rate detection ABR—Available Bitrate ABR—Average Bitrate AC—Acoustic Coupler AC—Alternating Current ACD—Automatic Call Distributor ACE—Advanced Computing Environment ACID—Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability ACK—ACKnowledgement ACK—Amsterdam Compiler Kit ACL—Access Control List ACL—Active Current Loop ACM—Association for Computing Machinery ACME—Automated Classification of Medical Entities ACP—Airline Control Program ACPI—Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACR—Allowed Cell Rate ACR—Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio AD—Active Directory AD—Administrative Domain ADC—Analog-to-Digital Converter ADC—Apple Display Connector ADB—Apple Desktop Bus ADCCP—Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures ADO—ActiveX Data Objects ADSL—Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADT—Abstract Data Type AE—Adaptive Equalizer AES—Advanced Encryption Standard AF—Anisotropic Filtering AFP—Apple Filing Protocol AGP—Accelerated Graphics Port AH—Active Hub AI—Artificial Intelligence AIX—Advanced Interactive eXecutive Ajax—Asynchronous JavaScript and XML AL—Active Link AL—Access List ALAC—Apple Lossless Audio Codec ALGOL—Algorithmic Language ALSA—Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ALU—Arithmetic and Logical Unit AM—Access Method AM—Active Matrix AMOLED—Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode AM—Active Monitor AM—Allied Mastercomputer AM—Amplitude Modulation AMD—Advanced Micro Devices AMQP—Advanced Message Queuing Protocol AMR—Audio Modem Riser ANN—Artificial Neural Network ANSI—American National Standards Institute ANT—Another Neat Tool AoE—ATA over Ethernet AOP—Aspect-Oriented Programming APCI—Application-Layer Protocol Control Information API—Application Programming Interface APIC—Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller APIPA—Automatic Private IP Addressing APL—A Programming Language APR—Apache Portable Runtime ARC—Adaptive Replacement Cache ARC—Advanced RISC Computing ARIN—American Registry for Internet Numbers ARM—Advanced RISC Machines AROS—AROS Research Operating System ARP—Address Resolution Protocol ARPA—Address and Routing Parameter Area ARPA—Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET—Advanced Research Projects Agency Network AS—Access Server ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange AuthIP—Authenticated Internet Protocol ASET—Automated Security Enhancement Tool ASG—Abstract Semantic Graph ASIC—Application-Specific Integrated Circuit ASIMO—Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility ASLR—Address Space Layout Randomization ASM—Algorithmic State Machine ASMP—Asymmetric Multiprocessing ASN.1—Abstract Syntax Notation 1 ASP—Active Server Pages ASP—Application Service Provider ASR—Asynchronous Signal Routine AST—Abstract Syntax Tree AT—Advanced Technology AT—Access Time AT—Active Terminator ATA—Advanced Technology Attachment ATAG—Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines ATAPI—Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode AV—Antivirus AVC—Advanced Video Coding AVI—Audio Video Interleaved AWK—Aho Weinberger Kernighan AWT—Abstract Window Toolkit AWFL—Acronym With Four Letters #B B2B—Business-to-Business B2C—Business-to-Consumer B2E—Business-to-Employee BAL—Basic Assembly Language BAM—Block Availability Map Bash—Bourne-again shell BASIC—Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BBP—Baseband Processor BBS—Bulletin Board System BC—Business Continuity BCD—Binary Coded Decimal BCD—Boot Configuration Data BCNF—Boyce–Codd normal form BEEP—Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol BER—Bit Error Rate BFD—Bidirectional Forwarding Detection BFD—Binary File Descriptor BFS—Breadth-First Search BFT—Byzantine Fault Tolerant BGP—Border Gateway Protocol BI—Business Intelligence BiDi—Bi-Directional bin—binary BINAC—Binary Automatic Computer BIND—Berkeley Internet Name Domain BIOS—Basic Input Output System BJT—Bipolar Junction Transistor bit—binary digit Blob—Binary large object Blog—Web Log BMP—Basic Multilingual Plane BNC—Bayonet Neill-Concelman BOINC—Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing BOM—Byte Order Mark BOOTP—Bootstrap Protocol BPDU—Bridge Protocol Data Unit BPEL—Business Process Execution Language BPL—Broadband over Power Lines BPM—Business Process Management BPM—Business Process Modeling bps—bits per second BRM—Business Reference Model BRMS—Business Rule Management System BRR—Business Readiness Rating BRS—Broadband Radio Service BSA—Business Software Alliance BSB—Backside Bus BSD—Berkeley Software Distribution BSoD—Blue Screen of Death BSS—Block Started by Symbol BT—BitTorrent BT—Bluetooth B TAM—Basic Telecommunications Access Method BW—Bandwidth BYOD—Bring Your Own Device Byte—By eight (group of 8 bits) #C CA—Computer Accountancy CAD—Computer-Aided Design CAE—Computer-Aided Engineering CAID—Computer-Aided Industrial Design CAI—Computer-Aided Instruction CAM—Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAPTCHA—Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart CAT—Computer-Aided Translation CAQ—Computer-Aided Quality Assurance CASE—Computer-Aided Software Engineering cc—C Compiler CD—Compact Disc CDE—Common Desktop Environment CDFS—Compact Disk File System CDMA—Code Division Multiple Access CDN—Content Delivery Network CDP—Cisco Discovery Protocol CDP—Continuous Data Protection CD-R—CD-Recordable CD-ROM—CD Read-Only Memory CD-RW—CD-Rewritable CDSA—Common Data Security Architecture CERT—Computer Emergency Response Team CES—Consumer Electronics Show CF—Compact Flash CFD—Computational Fluid Dynamics CFG—Context-Free Grammar CFG—Control Flow Graph CG—Computer Graphics CGA—Color Graphics Array CGI—Common Gateway Interface CGI—Computer-Generated Imagery CGT—Computational Graph Theory CHAP—Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol CHS—Cylinder-Head-Sector CIDR—Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIFS—Common Internet Filesystem CIM—Common Information Model CIM—Computationally Independent Model CIO—Chief Information Officer CIR—Committed information rate CISC—Complex Instruction Set Computer CJK—Chinese, Japanese, and Korean CJKV—Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese CLI—Command Line Interface CLR—Common Language Runtime CM—Configuration Management CM—Content Management CMDB—Configuration Management Database CMMI—Capability Maturity Model Integration CMOS—Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CMO—Current Mode of Operation CMS—Content Management System CN—Canonical Name CN—Common Name CNC—Computer Numerical Control CNG—Cryptographic Next Generation CNG—Cryptography Next Generation CNR—Communications and Networking Riser COBOL—Common Business-Oriented Language COM—Component Object Model or communication CORBA—Common Object Request Broker Architecture COTS—Commercial Off-The-Shelf CPA—Cell Processor Architecture CPAN—Comprehensive Perl Archive Network CP/M—Control Program/Monitor CPRI—Common Public Radio Interface CPS—characters per second CPU—Central Processing Unit CR—Carriage Return CRAN—Comprehensive R Archive Network CRC—Cyclic Redundancy Check CRLF—Carriage Return Line Feeds CRM—Customer Relationship Management CRS—Computer Reservations System CRT—Cathode Ray Tube CRUD—Create, Read, Update and Delete CS—Cable Select CS—Computer Science CSE—Computer Science and Engineering CSI—Common System Interface CSM—Compatibility Support Module CSMA/CD—Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection CSP—Cloud Service Provider CSP—Communicating Sequential Processes CSRF—Cross-Site Request Forgery CSS—Cascading Style Sheets CSS—Content-Scrambling System CSS—Closed Source Software CSS—Cross-Site Scripting CSV—Comma-Separated Values CT—Computerized Tomography CTAN—Comprehensive TeX Archive Network CTCP—Client-To-Client Protocol CTI—Computer Telephony Integration CTFE—Compile Time Function Execution CTL—Computational Tree Logic CTM—Close To Metal CTS—Clear To Send CTSS—Compatible Time-Sharing System CUA—Common User Access Concurrent Versions System—Concurrent Versioning System|CVS CVS—Concurrent Versioning System #D DAC—Digital-To-Analog Converter DAC—Discretionary Access Control DAL—Database Abstraction Layer DAO—Data Access Object DAO—Data Access Objects DAO—Disk-At-Once DAP—Directory Access Protocol DARPA—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DAT—Digital Audio Tape DB—Database DBA—Database Administrator DBCS—Double Byte Character Set DBMS—Database Management System DCC—Direct Client-to-Client DCCP—Datagram Congestion Control Protocol DCCA—Debian Common Core Alliance DCL—Data Control Language DCS—Distributed Control System DCMI—Dublin Core Metadata Initiative DCOM—Distributed Component Object Model DD—Double Density DDE—Dynamic Data Exchange DDI—DNS DHCP & IP Address management DDL—Data Definition Language DDoS—Distributed Denial of Service DDR—Double Data Rate DEC—Digital Equipment Corporation DES—Data Encryption Standard dev—development DFA—Deterministic Finite Automaton DFD—Data Flow Diagram DFS—Depth-First Search DFS—Distributed File System DGD—Dworkin's Game Driver DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHTML—Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language DIF—Data Integrity Field DIMM—Dual Inline Memory Module DIN—Deutsches Institut für Normung DIP—Dual In-line Package DISM—Deployment Image and Service Management Tool DIVX—Digital Video Express DKIM—Domain Keys Identified Mail DL—Download DLL—Dynamic Link Library DLNA—Digital Living Network Alliance DLP—Data loss protection DMA—Direct Memory Access DMCA—Digital Millennium Copyright Act DMI—Direct Media Interface DML—Data Manipulation Language DML—Definitive Media Library DMR—Dennis M. Ritchie DMZ—Demilitarized Zone DN—Distinguished Name DND—Drag-and-Drop DNS—Domain Name System DOA—Dead on Arrival DOCSIS—Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification DOM—Document Object Model DoS—Denial of Service DOS—Disk Operating System DP—Dot Pitch DPC—Deferred Procedure Call DPI—Deep Packet Inspection DPI—Dots Per Inch DPMI—DOS Protected Mode Interface DPMS—Display Power Management Signaling DR—Disaster Recovery DRAM—Dynamic Random-Access Memory DR-DOS—Digital Research - Disk Operating System DRI—Direct Rendering Infrastructure DRM—Digital Rights Management DRM—Direct Rendering Manager DSA—Digital Signature Algorithm DSDL—Document Schema Definition Languages DSDM—Dynamic Systems Development Method DSL—Digital Subscriber Line DSL—Domain-Specific Language DSLAM—Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer DSN—Database Source Name DSN—Data Set Name DSP—Digital Signal Processor DSSSL—Document Style Semantics and Specification Language DTD—Document Type Definition DTE—Data Terminal Equipment or data transfer rate DTP—Desktop Publishing DTR—Data Terminal Ready or Data transfer rate DVD—Digital Versatile Disc DVD-R—DVD-Recordable DVD-ROM—DVD-Read Only Memory DVD-RW—DVD-Rewritable DVI—Digital Visual Interface DVR—Digital Video Recorder DW—Data Warehouse #E EAI—Enterprise Application Integration EAP—Extensible Authentication Protocol EAS—Exchange ActiveSync EBCDIC—Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code EBML—Extensible Binary Meta Language ECC—Elliptic Curve Cryptography ECMA—European Computer Manufacturers Association ECN—Explicit Congestion Notification ECOS—Embedded Configurable Operating System ECRS—Expense and Cost Recovery System EDA—Electronic Design Automation EDGE— Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution EDI—Electronic Data Interchange EDO—Extended Data Out EDSAC—Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator EDVAC—Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer EEPROM—Electronically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory EFF—Electronic Frontier Foundation EFI—Extensible Firmware Interface EFM—Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation EFM—Ethernet in the First Mile EFS—Encrypting File System EGA—Enhanced Graphics Array E-mail—Electronic mail EGP—Exterior Gateway Protocol eID—electronic ID card EIDE—Enhanced IDE EIGRP—Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol EISA—Extended Industry Standard Architecture ELF—Extremely Low Frequency ELF—Executable and Linkable Format ELM—ELectronic Mail EMACS—Editor MACroS EMS—Expanded Memory Specification ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer EOD—End of Day EOF—End of File EOL—End of Line EOM—End Of Message EOS—End OF Support EPIC—Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing EPROM—Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory ERD—Entity-Relationship Diagram ERM—Entity-Relationship Model ERP—Enterprise Resource Planning eSATA—external SATA ESB—Enterprise service bus ESCON—Enterprise Systems Connection ESD—Electrostatic Discharge ESI—Electronically Stored Information ESR—Eric Steven Raymond ETL—Extract, Transform, Load ETW—Event Tracing for Windows EUC—Extended Unix Code EULA—End User License Agreement EWMH—Extended Window Manager Hints EXT—EXTended file system ETA—Estimated Time of Arrival #F FAP—FORTRAN Assembly Program FASM—Flat ASseMbler FAT—File Allocation Table FAQ—Frequently Asked Questions FBDIMM—Fully Buffered Dual Inline Memory Module FC-AL—Fibre Channel Arbitrated Loop FCB—File Control Block FCS—Frame Check Sequence FDC—Floppy Disk Controller FDS—Fedora Directory Server FDD—Frequency-Division Duplexing FDD—Floppy Disk Drive FDDI—Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDM—Frequency-Division Multiplexing FDMA—Frequency-Division Multiple Access FEC—Forward Error Correction FEMB—Front-End Motherboard FET—Field Effect Transistor FHS—Filesystem Hierarchy Standard FICON—FIber CONnectivity FIFO—First In First Out FIPS—Federal Information Processing Standards FL—Function Level FLAC—Free Lossless Audio Codec FLOPS—FLoating-Point Operations Per Second FLOSS—Free/Libre/Open Source Software FMC— Fixed Mobile Convergence "Mobile UC or Unified Communications over Wireless" FMO—Future Mode of Operation FOLDOC—Free On-line Dictionary of Computing FOSDEM—Free and Open source Software Developers' European Meeting FOSI—Formatted Output Specification Instance FOSS—Free and Open Source Software FP—Function Programming FPGA—Field Programmable Gate Array FPS—Floating Point Systems FPU—Floating Point Unit FRU—Field Replaceable Unit FS—File System FSB—Front Side Bus fsck—File System Check FSF—Free Software Foundation FSM—Finite State Machine FTTA—Fiber To The Antenna FTTC—Fiber To The Curb FTTH—Fiber To The Home FTTP—Fiber To The Premises FTP—File Transfer Protocol FQDN—Fully Qualified Domain Name FUD—Fear Uncertainty Doubt FWS—Folding White Space FXP—File eXchange Protocol FYI—For Your Information FVEK—Full Volume Encryption Key #G G11N—Globalization Gas—GNU Assembler Gb—Gigabit GB—Gigabyte GCC—GNU Compiler Collection GCJ—GNU Compiler for Java GCR—Group Coded Recording GDB—GNU Debugger GDI—Graphics Device Interface GFDL—GNU Free Documentation License GIF—Graphics Interchange Format GIGO—Garbage In, Garbage Out GIMP—GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMPS—Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search GIS—Geographic Information System GLUT—OpenGL Utility Toolkit GML—Geography Markup Language GNOME—GNU Network Object Model Environment GNU—GNU's Not Unix GOMS—Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selection rules GPASM—GNU PIC ASseMbler GPFS—General Parallel File System GPG—GNU Privacy Guard GPGPU—General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units GPIB—General-Purpose Instrumentation Bus GPL—General Public License GPL—General-Purpose Language GPRS—General Packet Radio Service GPT—GUID Partition Table GPU—Graphics Processing Unit GRUB—Grand Unified Boot-Loader GERAN—GSM EDGE Radio Access Network GSM—Global System for Mobile Communications GTK+—GIMP Toolkit GUI—Graphical User Interface GUID—Globally Unique IDentifier GWT—Google Web Toolkit GYR—IT Networking #H HA—High Availability HAL—Hardware Abstraction Layer HARD—HTML Application Rapid Development HASP—Houston Automatic Spooling Priority HBA—Host Bus Adapter HCI—Human Computer Interaction HD—High Density HDD—Hard Disk Drive HCL—Hardware Compatibility List HD DVD—High Definition DVD HDL—Hardware Description Language HDMI—High-Definition Multimedia Interface HECI—Host Embedded Controller Interface HF—High Frequency HFS—Hierarchical File System HHD—Hybrid Hard Drive HID—Human Interface Device HIG—Human Interface Guidelines HIRD—Hurd of Interfaces Representing Depth HLASM—High Level ASseMbler HLS—HTTP Live Streaming HMA—High Memory Area HP—Hewlett-Packard HPC—High-Performance Computing HPFS—High Performance File System HSDPA—High-Speed Downlink Packet Access HTC—High-Throughput Computing HSM—Hierarchical Storage Management HT—Hyper Threading HTM—Hierarchical Temporal Memory HTML—Hypertext Markup Language HTTP—Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTPd—Hypertext Transport Protocol Daemon HTTPS—HTTP Secure HTX—HyperTransport eXpansion HURD—Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons HVD—Holographic Versatile Disc Hz—Hertz #I I²C—Inter-Integrated Circuit I²S—Integrated Interchip Sound I18N—Internationalization IANA—Internet Assigned Numbers Authority iBCS—Intel Binary Compatibility Standard IBM—International Business Machines IC—Integrated Circuit ICANN—Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICE—In-Circuit Emulator ICE—Intrusion Countermeasure Electronics ICH—I/O Controller Hub ICMP—Internet Control Message Protocol ICP—Internet Cache Protocol ICS—Internet Connection Sharing ICT—Information and Communication Technology IDE—Integrated Development Environment IDE—Integrated Drive Electronics IDF—Intermediate Distribution Frame IDF—Intermediate Data Format IDL—Interactive Data Language IDL—Interface Definition Language IDS—Intrusion Detection System IE—Internet Explorer IEC—International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE—Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF—Internet Engineering Task Force IFGICT—International Federation of Global & Green ICT IFL—Integrated Facility for Linux IGMP—Internet Group Management Protocol IGRP—Interior Gateway Routing Protocol IHV—Independent Hardware Vendor IIOP—Internet Inter-Orb Protocol IIS—Internet Information Services IKE—Internet Key Exchange IL—Intermediate Language IM—Instant Messaging IMAP—Internet Message Access Protocol IME—Input Method Editor IMR—Internet Monthly Report INFOSEC—Information Systems Security I/O—Input/output IoT—Internet of Things IP—Intellectual Property IP—Internet Protocol IPAM—IP Address Management IPC—Inter-Process Communication IPL—Initial Program Load IPMI—Intelligent Platform Management Interface IPO—Inter Procedural Optimization IPP—Internet Printing Protocol IPS—In-Plane Switching IPS—Instructions Per Second IPS—Intrusion Prevention System IPsec—Internet Protocol security IPTV—Internet Protocol Television IPv4—Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6—Internet Protocol version 6 IPX—Internetwork Packet Exchange IR—Intermediate Representation IRC—Internet Relay Chat IrDA—Infrared Data Association IRI—Internationalized Resource Identifier I/F—Interface IRP—I/O Request Packet IRQ—Interrupt Request IS—Information Systems IS-IS—Intermediate System to Intermediate System ISA—Industry Standard Architecture ISA—Instruction Set Architecture ISAM—Indexed Sequential Access Method ISATAP—Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol ISC—Internet Storm Center iSCSI—Internet Small Computer System Interface ISDN—Integrated Services Digital Network ISO—International Organization for Standardization iSNS—Internet Storage Name Service ISP—Internet Service Provider ISPF—Interactive System Productivity Facility ISR—Interrupt Service Routine ISV—Independent Software Vendor IT—Information Technology ITIL—Information Technology Infrastructure Library ITL—Interval Temporal Logic ITU—International Telecommunication Union IVRS—Interactive Voice Response System IVCR—Interactive Virtual Classroom ISDN—Integrated service digital network #J J2EE—Java 2 Enterprise Edition J2ME—Java 2 Micro Edition J2SE—Java 2 Standard Edition JAXB—Java Architecture for XML Binding JAX-RPC—Java XML for Remote Procedure Calls JAXP—Java API for XML Processing JBOD—Just a Bunch of Disks JCE— Java Cryptography Extension JCL—Job Control Language JCP—Java Community Process JDBC—Java Database Connectivity JDK—Java Development Kit JEE—Java Enterprise Edition JES—Job Entry Subsystem JDS—Java Desktop System JFC—Java Foundation Classes JFET—Junction Field-Effect Transistor JFS—IBM Journaling File System JINI—Jini Is Not Initials JIT—Just-In-Time JME—Java Micro Edition JMX—Java Management Extensions JMS—Java Message Service JNDI—Java Naming and Directory Interface JNI—Java Native Interface JNZ—Jump non-zero JPEG—Joint Photographic Experts Group JRE—Java Runtime Environment JS—JavaScript JSE—Java Standard Edition JSON—JavaScript Object Notation JSP—Jackson Structured Programming JSP—JavaServer Pages JTAG—Joint Test Action Group JUG—Java Users Group JVM—Java Virtual Machine #K K&R—Kernighan and Ritchie KB—Keyboard Kb—Kilobit KB—Kilobyte KB—Knowledge Base KiB—Kibibyte KDE—K Desktop Environment kHz—Kilohertz KM—Knowledge Machine KRL—Knowledge Representation Language KVM—Keyboard, Video, Mouse #L L10N—Localization L2TP—Layer two Tunneling Protocol LACP—Link Aggregation Control Protocol LAMP—Linux Apache MySQL Perl LAMP—Linux Apache MySQL PHP LAMP—Linux Apache MySQL Python LAN—Local Area Network LBA—Logical Block Addressing LB—Load Balancer LCD—Liquid Crystal Display LCR—Least Cost Routing LCOS—Liquid Crystal On Silicon LDAP—Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LE—Logical Extents LED—Light-Emitting Diode LF—Line Feed LF—Low Frequency LFS—Linux From Scratch LGPL—Lesser General Public License LIB—LIBrary LIF—Low Insertion Force LIFO—Last In First Out LILO—Linux Loader LISP—LISt Processing LKML—Linux Kernel Mailing List LM—Lan Manager LOC—Lines of Code LPC—Lars Pensjö C LPI—Linux Professional Institute LPT— Line Print Terminal LRU—Least Recently Used LSB—Least Significant Bit LSB—Linux Standard Base LSI—Large-Scale Integration LTE—Long Term Evolution LTL—Linear Temporal Logic LTR—Left-to-Right LUG—Linux User Group LUN—Logical Unit Number LV—Logical Volume LVD—Low Voltage Differential LVM—Logical Volume Management LZW—Lempel-Ziv-Welch LGA—Land Grid Array #M MAC—Mandatory Access Control MAC—Media Access Control MAN—Metropolitan Area Network MANET—Mobile Ad-Hoc Network MAPI—Messaging Application Programming Interface Mb—Megabit MB—Megabyte MBCS—Multi Byte Character Set MBD—Model-Based Design MBR—Master Boot Record MCA—Micro Channel Architecture MCA—Microsoft Certified Architect MCAD—Microsoft Certified Application Developer MCAS—Microsoft Certified Application Specialist MCDBA—Microsoft Certified DataBase Administrator MCDST—Microsoft Certified Desktop Support Technician MCITP—Microsoft Certified Information Technology Professional MCM—Microsoft Certified Master MCP—Microsoft Certified Professional MCPC—Multiple Channels Per Carrier MCPD—Microsoft Certified Professional Developer MCSA—Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator MCSD—Microsoft Certified Solution Developer MCSE—Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer MCT—Microsoft Certified Trainer MCTS—Microsoft Certified Technology Specialist MDA—Mail Delivery Agent MDA—Model-Driven Architecture MDA—Monochrome Display Adapter MDD/MDSD—Model-Driven (Software) Development MDF—Main Distribution Frame MDI—Multiple Document Interface ME—Microsoft Edge ME—[Windows] Millennium Edition MF—Medium Frequency MFC—Microsoft Foundation Classes MFM—Modified Frequency Modulation MGCP—Media Gateway Control Protocol MHz—Megahertz MIB—Management Information Base MICR—Magnetic Ink Character Recognition MIDI—Musical Instrument Digital Interface MIMD—Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data MIMO—Multiple-Input Multiple-Output MINIX—MIni-uNIX MIPS—Million Instructions Per Second MIPS—Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages MIS—Management Information Systems MISD—Multiple Instruction, Single Data MIT—Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIME—Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions MMDS—Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service MMDS—Mortality Medical Data System MMI—Man Machine Interface. MMIO—Memory-Mapped I/O MMORPG—Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game MMC— Microsoft Management Console MMF—Multi-Mode (optical) Fiber MMU—Memory Management Unit MMX—Multi-Media Extensions MNG—Multiple-image Network Graphics MoBo—Motherboard MOM—Message-Oriented Middleware MOO—MUD Object Oriented MOP—Meta-Object Protocol MOS—Microsoft Office Specialist MOSFET—Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor MOTD—Message Of The Day MOUS—Microsoft Office User Specialist MOV—Apple QuickTime Multimedia File MPAA—Motion Picture Association of America MPEG—Motion Pictures Experts Group MPL—Mozilla Public License MPLS—Multiprotocol Label Switching MPU—Microprocessor Unit MS—Memory Stick MS—Microsoft MSB—Most Significant Bit MSN—Microsoft Network MS-DOS—Microsoft DOS MT—Machine Translation MTA—Mail Transfer Agent MTA—Microsoft Technology Associate MTBF—Mean Time Between Failures MTU—Maximum Transmission Unit MSA—Mail Submission Agent MSDN—Microsoft Developer Network MSI—Medium-Scale Integration MSI—Message Signaled Interrupt MSI—Microsoft Installer MUA—Mail User Agent MUD—Multi-User Dungeon MVC—Model-View-Controller MVP—Most Valuable Professional MVS—Multiple Virtual Storage MWC—Mobile World Congress MX—Mail exchange MXF—Material Exchange Format MU Memory Unit #N NACK—Negative ACKnowledgement NAK—Negative AcKnowledge Character NaN—Not a Number NAP—Network Access Protection NAS—Network-Attached Storage NASM—Netwide ASseMbler NAT—Network Address Translation NCP—NetWare Core Protocol NCQ—Native Command Queuing NCSA—National Center for Supercomputing Applications NDIS—Network Driver Interface Specification NDPS—Novell Distributed Print Services NDS—Novell Directory Services NEP—Network Equipment Provider NetBIOS—Network Basic Input/Output System NetBT—NetBIOS over TCP/IP NEXT—Near-End CrossTalk NFA—Nondeterministic Finite Automaton NFC—Near field communication NFS—Network File System NGL—aNGeL NGSCB—Next-Generation Secure Computing Base NI—National Instruments NIC—Network Interface Controller NIM—No Internal Message NIO—Non-blocking I/O NIST—National Institute of Standards and Technology NLP—Natural Language Processing NLS—Native Language Support NMI—Non-Maskable Interrupt NNTP—Network News Transfer Protocol NOC—Network Operations Center NOP—No OPeration NOS—Network Operating System NP—Nondeterministic Polynomial time NPL—Netscape Public License NPTL—Native POSIX Thread Library NPU—Network Processing Unit NS—Netscape NSA—Network Security Appliance NSI—Network Service Interface NSPR—Netscape Portable Runtime NSS—Novell Storage Service NSS—Network Security Services NSS—Name Service Switch NT—New Technology NTFS—NT Filesystem NTLM—NT Lan Manager NTP—Network Time Protocol NUMA—Non-Uniform Memory Access NURBS—Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline NVR—Network Video Recorder NVRAM—Non-Volatile Random Access Memory #O OASIS—Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards OAT—Operational Acceptance Testing OBSAI—Open Base Station Architecture Initiative ODBC—Open Database Connectivity OEM—Original Equipment Manufacturer OES—Open Enterprise Server OFDM—Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFTC—Open and Free Technology Community OID—Object Identifier OLAP—Online Analytical Processing OLE—Object Linking and Embedding OLED—Organic Light Emitting Diode OLPC—One Laptop per Child OLTP—Online Transaction Processing OMF—Object Module Format OMG—Object Management Group OMR—Optical Mark Reader OO—Object-Oriented OO—OpenOffice OOE—Out-of-Order Execution OOM—Out Of Memory OOo—OpenOffice.org OoOE—Out-of-Order Execution OOP—Object-Oriented Programming OOTB—Out of the box OPML—Outline Processor Markup Language ORB—Object Request Broker ORM—Object-Relational Mapping OS—Open Source OS—Operating System OSCON—O'Reilly Open Source CONvention OSDN—Open Source Development Network OSI—Open Source Initiative OSI—Open Systems Interconnection OSPF—Open Shortest Path First OSS—Open Sound System OSS—Open-Source Software OSS—Operations Support System OSTG—Open Source Technology Group OUI—Organisationally Unique Identifier #P P2P—Peer-To-Peer PaaS—Platform as a Service PAN—Personal Area Network PAP—Password Authentication Protocol PARC—Palo Alto Research Center PATA—Parallel ATA PBS—Portable Batch System PC—Personal Computer PCB—Printed Circuit Board PCB—Process Control Block PC DOS—Personal Computer Disc Operating System PCI—Peripheral Component Interconnect PCIe—PCI Express PCI-X—PCI Extended PCL—Printer Command Language PCMCIA—Personal Computer Memory Card International Association PCM—Pulse-Code Modulation PCRE—Perl Compatible Regular Expressions PD—Public Domain PDA—Personal Digital Assistant PDF—Portable Document Format PDH—Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDP—Programmed Data Processor PE—Physical Extents PERL—Practical Extraction and Reporting Language PFA—Please Find Attachment PG—Peripheral Gateway PGA—Pin Grid Array PGA—Programmable Gate Array PGO—Profile-Guided Optimization PGP—Pretty Good Privacy PHP—Hypertext Preprocessor PIC—Peripheral Interface Controller PIC—Programmable Interrupt Controller PID—Proportional-Integral-Derivative PID—Process ID PIM—Personal Information Manager PINE—Program for Internet News and Email PIM—Platform Independent Model PIO—Programmed Input/Output PKCS—Public Key Cryptography Standards PKI—Public Key Infrastructure PLC—Power Line Communication PLC—Programmable Logic Controller PLD—Programmable Logic Device PL/I—Programming Language One PL/M—Programming Language for Microcomputers PL/P—Programming Language for Prime PLT—Power Line Telecommunications PMM—POST Memory Manager PNG—Portable Network Graphics PnP—Plug-and-Play PNRP—Peer Name Resolution Protocol PoE—Power over Ethernet POID—Persistent Object Identifier POJO—Plain Old Java Object POP—Point of Presence POP3—Post Office Protocol v3 POSIX—Portable Operating System Interface, formerly IEEE-IX POST—Power-On Self Test PPC—PowerPC PPI—Pixels Per Inch PPP—Point-to-Point Protocol PPPoA—PPP over ATM PPPoE—PPP over Ethernet PPTP—Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PR—Pull Request PS—PostScript PS/2—Personal System/2 PSA—Professional Services Automation PSM—Platform Specific Model PSU—Power Supply Unit PSVI—Post-Schema-Validation Infoset PTS-DOS—PhysTechSoft - Disk Operating System PV—Physical Volume PVG—Physical Volume Group PVR—Personal Video Recorder PXE—Preboot Execution Environment PXI—PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation #Q QDR—Quad Data Rate QA—Quality Assurance QFP—Quad Flat Package QoS—Quality of Service QOTD—Quote of the Day Qt—Quasar Toolkit QTAM—Queued Teleprocessing Access Method QSOP—Quarter Small Outline Package qWave—Quality Windows Audio/Video Experience #R RACF—Resource Access Control Facility RAD—Rapid Application Development RADIUS—Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RAID—Redundant Array of Independent Disks RAII—Resource Acquisition Is Initialization RAIT—Redundant Array of Inexpensive Tapes RAM—Random Access Memory RARP—Reverse Address Resolution Protocol RAS—Reliability, Availability and Serviceability RAS—Remote access service RC—Region Code RC—Release Candidate RC—Run Commands RCS—Revision Control System RD—Remote Desktop rd—remove directory RDBMS—Relational Database Management System RDC—Remote Desktop Connection RDF—Resource Description Framework RDM—Relational Data Model RDOS—Real-time Disk Operating System RDP— Remote Desktop Protocol RDS—Remote Data Services REFAL—Recursive Functions Algorithmic Language REST—Representational State Transfer regex—Regular Expression regexp—Regular Expression RF—Radio Frequency RFC—Request For Comments RFI—Radio Frequency Interference RFID—Radio Frequency Identification RGB—Red, Green, Blue RGBA—Red, Green, Blue, Alpha RHL—Red Hat Linux RHEL—Red Hat Enterprise Linux RIA—Rich Internet Application RIAA—Recording Industry Association of America RIP—Raster Image Processor RIP—Routing Information Protocol RIR—Regional Internet registry RISC—Reduced Instruction Set Computer RISC OS—Reduced Instruction Set Computer Operating System RJE—Remote Job Entry RLE—Run-Length Encoding RLL—Run-Length Limited rmdir—remove directory RMI—Remote Method Invocation RMS—Richard Matthew Stallman ROM—Read Only Memory ROMB—Read-Out Motherboard ROM-DOS—Read Only Memory - Disk Operating System RPC—Remote Procedure Call RPG—Report Program Generator RPM—RPM Package Manager RRAS—Routing and Remote Access Service RSA—Rivest Shamir Adleman RSI—Repetitive Strain Injury RSS—Radio Service Software RSS—Rich Site Summary, RDF Site Summary, or Really Simple Syndication RTAI—Real-Time Application Interface RTC—Real-Time Clock RTE—Real-Time Enterprise RTEMS—Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems RTL—Right-to-Left RTOS—Real-Time Operating System RTP—Real-time Transport Protocol RTS—Ready To Send RTSP—Real Time Streaming Protocol RTTI—Run-time Type Information RWD—Responsive Web Design #S SaaS—Software as a Service SAM— Security Account Manager SAN—Storage Area Network SAS—Serial attached SCSI SATA—Serial ATA SAX—Simple API for XML SBOD—Spinning Beachball of Death SBP-2—Serial Bus Protocol 2 sbin—superuser binary sbs—Small Business Server SBU—Standard Build Unit SCADA—Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition SCID—Source Code in Database SCM—Software Configuration Management SCM—Source Code Management SCP—Secure Copy SCPC—Single Channel Per Carrier SCPI—Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation SCSA—Secure Content Storage Association SCSI—Small Computer System Interface SCTP—Stream Control Transmission Protocol SD—Secure Digital SDDL—Security Descriptor Definition Language SDH—Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDI—Single Document Interface SEC—Single Edge Contact SDIO—Secure Digital Input Output SDK—Software Development Kit SDL—Simple DirectMedia Layer SDN—Service Delivery Network SDP—Session Description Protocol SDR—Software-Defined Radio SDRAM—Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SDSL—Symmetric DSL SE—Single Ended SEI—Software Engineering Institute SEO—Search Engine Optimization SFTP—Secure FTP SFTP—Simple File Transfer Protocol SFTP—SSH File Transfer Protocol SGI—Silicon Graphics, Incorporated SGML—Standard Generalized Markup Language SGR—Select Graphic Rendition SHA—Secure Hash Algorithm SHDSL—Single-pair High-speed Digital Subscriber Line SIGCAT—Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and Technology SIGGRAPH—Special Interest Group on Graphics SIMD—Single Instruction, Multiple Data SIMM—Single Inline Memory Module SIP—Session Initiation Protocol SIP—Supplementary Ideographic Plane SISD—Single Instruction, Single Data SISO—Single-Input and Single-Output SLED—SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop SLES—SUSE Linux Enterprise Server SLI—Scalable Link Interface SLIP—Serial Line Internet Protocol SLM—Service Level Management SLOC—Source Lines of Code SME—Subject Matter Expert SMF—Single-Mode (optical) Fiber SPM—Software project management SPMD—Single Program, Multiple Data SMA—SubMiniature version A SMB—Server Message Block SMBIOS—System Management BIOS SMIL—Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language S/MIME—Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions SMP—Supplementary Multilingual Plane SMP—Symmetric Multi-Processing SMPS—Switch Mode Power Supply SMS—Short Message Service SMS—System Management Server SMT—Simultaneous Multithreading SMTP—Simple Mail Transfer Protocol SNA—Systems Network Architecture SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol SNTP—Simple Network Time Protocol SOA—Service-Oriented Architecture SOAP—Simple Object Access Protocol SOAP—Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program SOPA—Stop Online Piracy Act SoC—System-on-a-Chip SO-DIMM—Small Outline DIMM SOE—Standard Operating Environment SOHO—Small Office/Home Office SOI—Silicon On Insulator SP—Service Pack SPA—Single Page Application SPF—Sender Policy Framework SPI—Serial Peripheral Interface SPI—Stateful Packet Inspection SPARC—Scalable Processor Architecture SQL—Structured Query Language SRAM—Static Random Access Memory SSA—Static Single Assignment SSD—Software Specification Document SSD—Solid-State Drive SSDP—Simple Service Discovery Protocol SSE—Streaming SIMD Extensions SSH—Secure Shell SSI—Server Side Includes SSI—Single-System Image SSI—Small-Scale Integration SSID—Service Set Identifier SSL—Secure Socket Layer SSO—Single Sign On SSP—Supplementary Special-purpose Plane SSSE—Supplementary Streaming SIMD Extensions SSSP—Single Source Shortest Path SSTP—Secure Socket Tunneling Protocol su—superuser SUS—Single UNIX Specification SUSE—Software und System-Entwicklung SVC—Scalable Video Coding SVG—Scalable Vector Graphics SVGA—Super Video Graphics Array SVD—Structured VLSI Design SWF—Shock Wave Flash SWT—Standard Widget Toolkit Sysop—System operator #T TAO—Track-At-Once TAPI—Telephony Application Programming Interface TASM—Turbo ASseMbler TB—TeraByte Tcl—Tool Command Language TCP—Transmission Control Protocol TCP/IP—Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCU—Telecommunication Control Unit TDMA—Time-Division Multiple Access TFT—Thin-Film Transistor tif - image(Tagged Image File Format) TFTP—Trivial File Transfer Protocol TI—Texas Instruments TLA—Three-Letter Acronym TLD—Top-Level Domain TLS—Thread-Local Storage TLS—Transport Layer Security TLV—Type-length-value tmp—temporary TNC—Terminal Node Controller TNC—Threaded Neill-Concelman connector TPF—Transaction Processing Facility TPM—Trusted Platform Module TROFF—Trace Off TRON—Trace On TRON—The Real-time Operating system Nucleus TRSDOS—Tandy Radio Shack - Disk Operating System TSO—Time Sharing Option TSP—Traveling Salesman Problem TSR—Terminate and Stay Resident TTA—True Tap Audio TTF—TrueType Font TTL—Transistor-Transistor Logic TTL—Time To Live TTS—Text-to-Speech TTY—Teletype TUCOWS—The Ultimate Collection of Winsock Software TUG—TeX Users Group TWAIN—Technology Without An Interesting Name #U UAAG—User Agent Accessibility Guidelines UAC—User Account Control UART—Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter UAT—User Acceptance Testing UCS—Universal Character Set UDDI—Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration UDMA—Ultra DMA UDP—User Datagram Protocol UEFI—Unified Extensible Firmware Interface UHF—Ultra High Frequency UI—User Interface UL—Upload ULA—Uncommitted Logic Array UMA—Upper Memory Area UMB—Upper Memory Block UML—Unified Modeling Language UML—User-Mode Linux UMPC—Ultra-Mobile Personal Computer UMTS—Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UNC—Universal Naming Convention UNIVAC—Universal Automatic Computer (By MKS) UPS—Uninterruptible Power Supply URI—Uniform Resource Identifier URL—Uniform Resource Locator URN—Uniform Resource Name USB—Universal Serial Bus usr—user USR—U.S. Robotics UTC—Coordinated Universal Time UTF—Unicode Transformation Format UTP—Unshielded Twisted Pair UTRAN—Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network UUCP—Unix to Unix Copy UUID—Universally Unique Identifier UUN—Universal User Name UVC—Universal Virtual Computer UWP—Universal Windows Platform UX—User Experience #V var—variable VAX—Virtual Address eXtension VCPI—Virtual Control Program Interface VR—Virtual Reality VRML—Virtual Reality Modeling Language VB—Visual Basic VBA—Visual Basic for Applications VBS—Visual Basic Script VDI—Virtual Desktop Infrastructure VDM— Virtual DOS machine VDSL—Very High Bitrate Digital Subscriber Line VESA—Video Electronics Standards Association VFAT—Virtual FAT VHD — Virtual Hard Disk VFS—Virtual File System VG—Volume Group VGA—Video Graphics Array VHF—Very High Frequency VLAN—Virtual Local Area Network VLSM—Variable Length Subnet Mask VLB—Vesa Local Bus VLF—Very Low Frequency VLIW—Very Long Instruction Word VLSI—Very-Large-Scale Integration VM—Virtual Machine VM—Virtual Memory VMM—Virtual Machine Monitor VNC—Virtual Network Computing VOD—Video On Demand VoIP—Voice over Internet Protocol VPN—Virtual Private Network VPU—Visual Processing Unit VSAM—Virtual Storage Access Method VSAT—Very Small Aperture Terminal VT—Video Terminal? VTL— Virtual Tape Library VTAM—Virtual Telecommunications Access Method VRAM—Video Random Access Memory #W W3C—World Wide Web Consortium WWDC—Apple World Wide Developer Conference WAFS—Wide Area File Services WAI—Web Accessibility Initiative Wi-Fi—Wireless Fidelity WAIS—Wide Area Information Server WAN—Wide Area Network WAP—Wireless Access Point WAP—Wireless Application Protocol WASM—Watcom ASseMbler WBEM—Web-Based Enterprise Management WCAG—Web Content Accessibility Guidelines WCF—Windows Communication Foundation WDM—Wavelength-Division Multiplexing WebDAV—WWW Distributed Authoring and Versioning WEP—Wired Equivalent Privacy WFI—Wait For Interrupt WiMAX—Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access WinFS—Windows Future Storage WinRT—Windows RunTime WINS—Windows Internet Name Service WLAN—Wireless Local Area Network WMA—Windows Media Audio WMI— Windows Management Instrumentation WMV—Windows Media Video WNS—Windows Push Notification Service WOL—Wake-on-LAN WOR—Wake-on-Ring WORA—Write once, run anywhere WORE—Write once, run everywhere WPA—Wi-Fi Protected Access WPAD—Web Proxy Autodiscovery Protocol WPAN—Wireless Personal Area Network WPF—Windows Presentation Foundation WS-D—Web Services-Discovery WSDL—Web Services Description Language WSFL—Web Services Flow Language WUSB—Wireless Universal Serial Bus WWAN—Wireless Wide Area Network WWID—World Wide Identifier WWN—World Wide Name WWW—World Wide Web WYSIWYG—What You See Is What You Get WZC—Wireless Zero Configuration #X XAG—XML Accessibility Guidelines XAML—eXtensible Application Markup Language XDM—X Window Display Manager XDMCP—X Display Manager Control Protocol XCBL—XML Common Business Library XHTML—eXtensible Hypertext Markup Language XILP—X Interactive ListProc XML—eXtensible Markup Language XMMS—X Multimedia System XMPP—eXtensible Messaging and Presence Protocol XMS—Extended Memory Specification XNS—Xerox Network Systems XP—Cross-Platform XP—Extreme Programming XPCOM—Cross Platform Component Object Model XPI—XPInstall XPIDL—Cross-Platform IDL XPS— XML Paper Specification XSD—XML Schema Definition XSL—eXtensible Stylesheet Language XSL-FO—eXtensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects XSLT—eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations XSS—Cross-Site Scripting XTF—eXtensible Tag Framework XTF—eXtended Triton Format XUL—XML User Interface Language XVGA—Extended Video Graphics Adapter #Y Y2K—Year Two Thousand YAAF—Yet Another Application Framework YACC—Yet Another Compiler Compiler YAML—YAML Ain't Markup Language YaST—Yet another Setup Tool #Z ZCAV—Zone Constant Angular Velocity ZCS—Zero Code Suppression ZIF—Zero Insertion Force ZIFS—Zero Insertion Force Socket ZIP—ZIP file archive ZISC—Zero Instruction Set Computer ZOI—Zero One Infinity ZOPE—Z Object Publishing Environment ZMA—Zone Multicast Address ZPL—Z-level Programming Language

Computer Abbreviations । Common Computer Abbreviations

Computer Abbreviations There are literally thousands of computer abbreviations out there. Many are concerned with the technical aspects of the computer while others deal with personal communication. Following are some more common ones that you may have heard but do not know exactly what they mean. Common Computer Abbreviations Following are some of the numerous computer abbreviations in use today. Operating Systems and Data Storage BIOS - This is the Basic Input Output System which controls the computer, telling it what operations to perform. These instructions are on a chip that connects to the motherboard. BYTE - A byte is a storage unit for data. "K" is a Kilobyte which is 1024 bytes. "MB" is a Megabyte which is a million bytes. "GB" is a Gigabyte, which equals 1000 megabytes. CPU - This stands for the Central Processing Unit of the computer. This is like the computer's brain. MAC - This is an abbreviation for Macintosh, which is a type of personal computer made by the Apple Computer company. OS - This is the Operating System of the computer. It is the main program that runs on a computer and begins automatically when the computer is turned on. PC - This is the abbreviation for personal computer. It refers to computers that are IBM compatible. PDF - This represents the Portable Document Format which displays files in a format that is ready for the web. RAM - This stands for Random Access Memory which is the space inside the computer that can be accessed at one time. If you increase the amount of RAM, then you will increase the computer's speed. This is because more of a particular program is able to be loaded at one time. ROM - This is Read Only Memory which is the instruction for the computer and can not be altered. VGA - The Video Graphics Array is a system for displaying graphics. It was developed by IBM. WYSIWYG - This initialism stands for What You See Is What You Get. It is pronounced "wizziwig" and basically means that the printer will print what you see on your monitor. Connecting to the Internet FTP - This is a service called File Transport Protocol which moves a file between computers using the Internet. HTML - HyperText Markup Language formats information so it can be transported on the Internet. HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol is a set of instructions for the software that controls the movement of files on the Internet. IP - This stands for Internet Protocol which is the set of rules that govern the systems connected to the Internet. IP Address is a digital code specific to each computer that is hooked up to the Internet. ISP - The Internet Service Provider is the company which provides Internet service so you can connect your computer to the Internet. LAN - This stands for Local Area Network which is the servers that your computer connects to in your geographic area. PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol is the set of rules that allow your computer to use the Internet protocols using a phone line and modem. URL - This is the Uniform Resource Locator which is a path to a certain file on the World Wide Web. USB - The Universal Serial Bus is used for communications between certain devices. It can connect keyboards, cameras, printers, mice, flash drives, and other devices. Its use has expanded from personal computers to PDAs, smartphones, and video games, and is used as a power cord to connect devices to a wall outlet to charge them. VR - Virtual Reality simulates a three-dimensional scene on the computer and has the capability of interaction. This is widely used in gaming. VRML - Virtual Reality Mark-up Language allows the display of 3D images. Common Email Abbreviations Here is a list of email abbreviations that are commonly used to get your point across in less time and fewer keystrokes: 2G4U - Too Good For You AWHFY - Are We Having Fun Yet? AYPI - And Your Point Is? GAL - Get A Life GMTA - Great Minds Think Alike J4F - Just For Fun KISS - Keep it Simple, Stupid QL - Quit Laughing! RUOK - Are you Okay? SITD - Still In The Dark TIC - Tongue In Cheek WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get YYSSW - Yeah Yeah Sure Sure Whatever ZZZ - Sleeping, Bored, Tired This may be the longest one: AWGTHTGTTA - Are We Going To Have To Go Through That Again?